Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss, especially in adults over the age of 60. This condition is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it can progress without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.
In this FAQ, we’ll address common questions about glaucoma, how it is diagnosed, and what to expect during a glaucoma eye examination.
What Is a Glaucoma Test?
A glaucoma test is a series of examinations used to determine whether you have glaucoma or are at risk of developing it. These tests measure the pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure) and assess the health of your optic nerve. Early detection is key to preventing permanent vision loss, as glaucoma damage cannot be reversed.
How Is a Glaucoma Test Performed?
There are several ways an optometrist can perform a glaucoma test during a glaucoma eye examination. Some of the most common methods include:
- Tonometry: This test measures the pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure). One common technique is the "puff test," where a small puff of air is blown onto the surface of your eye to measure the resistance. Another method uses a probe that gently touches the eye (after applying numbing drops) to measure the pressure directly.
- Ophthalmoscopy: Your optometrist will use a special instrument to examine your optic nerve for any signs of damage. This involves dilating your pupils so the doctor can get a clear view of the back of your eye.
- Visual Field Test: Glaucoma can cause a loss of peripheral (side) vision. A visual field test checks for blind spots in your vision by having you focus on a central point and indicate when you see objects in your peripheral vision.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This imaging test provides a detailed picture of the optic nerve and the layers of the retina. It helps to detect changes that may indicate the early stages of glaucoma.
What Test Does the Optometrist Use to Diagnose Glaucoma?
Your optometrist will use a combination of tests to accurately diagnose glaucoma. The most common diagnostic tools include tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, and visual field testing.
By evaluating your eye pressure, examining the optic nerve, and assessing your peripheral vision, the optometrist can determine if you have glaucoma or are at risk of developing it.
How Does Glaucoma Progress Over Time?
Glaucoma disease progression varies from person to person, but it typically occurs gradually over time. In its early stages, glaucoma may not cause any noticeable symptoms.
However, as the disease progresses, you may begin to lose peripheral vision. Without treatment, this can lead to tunnel vision and, eventually, total blindness. Regular eye exams are critical for detecting and managing glaucoma before it progresses to an advanced stage.
Why Is Early Detection So Important?
Early detection of glaucoma is essential because once vision loss occurs, it cannot be restored. However, treatments can slow or halt the progression of glaucoma disease, helping to preserve your remaining vision.
Routine glaucoma eye examinations allow your optometrist to monitor any changes in your eye health and adjust treatment as needed.
If you’re concerned about your risk for glaucoma or want to learn more about eye diseases and their management, visit our eye diseases page for more information.